初心诵 · 第15期 ┆ 师生接力共读《共产党宣言》,你绝对难忘的经典之声
在德国,16世纪遗留下来的、从那时起经常以不同形式重新出现的小资产阶级,是现存制度的真实的社会基础。
——《共产党宣言》
初心诵,取“不忘初心,继续前进”之意。本档节目开播以来,得到了大家的大力支持。现在,小青马非常激动地宣布,初心诵第15期开播啦!亲切又幽默的刘建军老师携小伙伴们给大家带来不一样的经典体验,快来听听吧!
原文如下
德国的特别是普鲁士的资产阶级反对封建主和专制王朝的斗争,一句话,自由主义运动,越来越严重了
于是,“真正的”社会主义就得到了一个好机会,把社会主义的要求同政治运动对立起来,用诅咒异端邪说的传统办法诅咒自由主义,诅咒代议制国家,诅咒资产阶级的竞争、资产阶级的新闻出版自由、资产阶级的法、资产阶级的自由和平等,并且向人民群众大肆宣扬,说什么在这个资产阶级运动中,人民群众非但一无所得,反而会失去一切。德国的社会主义恰好忘记了,法国的批判(德国的社会主义是这种批判的可怜的回声)是以现代的资产阶级社会以及相应的物质生活条件和相当的政治制度为前提的,而这一切前提当时在德国正是尚待争取的。
The fight of the German, and especially, of the Prussian bourgeoisie, against feudal aristocracy and absolute monarchy, in other words, the liberal movement, became more earnest.
By this, the long wished-for opportunity was offered to "True" Socialism of confronting the political movement with the Socialist demands, of hurling the traditional anathemas against liberalism, against representative government, against bourgeois competition, bourgeois freedom of the press, bourgeois legislation, bourgeois liberty and equality, and of preaching to the masses that they had nothing to gain, and everything to lose, by this bourgeois movement. German Socialism forgot, in the nick of time, that the French criticism, whose silly echo it was, presupposed the existence of modern bourgeois society, with its corresponding economic conditions of existence, and the political constitution adapted thereto, the very things whose attainment was the object of the pending struggle in Germany.
这种社会主义成了德意志各邦专制政府及其随从——僧侣、教员、容克和官僚求之不得的、吓唬来势汹汹的资产阶级的稻草人。
这种社会主义是这些政府用来镇压德国工人起义的毒辣的皮鞭和枪弹的甜蜜的补充。 既然“真正的”社会主义就这样成了这些政府对付德国资产阶级的武器,那么它也就直接代表了一种反动的利益,即德国小市民的利益。在德国,16世纪遗留下来的、从那时起经常以不同形式重新出现的小资产阶级,是现存制度的真实的社会基础。
To the absolute governments, with their following of parsons, professors, country squires and officials, it served as a welcome scarecrow against the threatening bourgeoisie.
It was a sweet finish after the bitter pills of floggings and bullets with which these same governments, just at that time, dosed the German working-class risings. While this "True" Socialism thus served the governments as a weapon for fighting the German bourgeoisie, it, at the same time, directly represented a reactionary interest, the interest of the German Philistines. In Germany the petty-bourgeois class, a relic of the sixteenth century, and since then constantly cropping up again under various forms, is the real social basis of the existing state of things.
保存这个小资产阶级,就是保存德国的现存制度。这个阶级胆战心惊地从资产阶级的工业统治和政治统治那里等候着无可幸免的灭亡,这一方面是由于资本的积聚,另一方面是由于革命无产阶级的兴起。在它看来,“真正的”社会主义能起一箭双雕的作用。“真正的”社会主义像瘟疫一样流行起来了。
德国的社会主义者给自己的那几条干瘪的“永恒真理”披上一件用思辨的蛛丝织成的、绣满华丽辞藻的花朵和浸透甜情蜜意的甘露的外衣,这件光彩夺目的外衣只是使他们的货物在这些顾客中间增加销路罢了。同时,德国的社会主义也越来越认识到自己的使命就是充当这种小市民的夸夸其谈的代言人。
To preserve this class is to preserve the existing state of things in Germany. The industrial and political supremacy of the bourgeoisie threatens it with certain destruction; on the one hand, from the concentration of capital; on the other, from the rise of a revolutionary proletariat. "True" Socialism appeared to kill these two birds with one stone. It spread like an epidemic.
The robe of speculative cobwebs, embroidered with flowers of rhetoric, steeped in the dew of sickly sentiment, this transcendental robe in which the German Socialists wrapped their sorry "eternal truths," all skin and bone, served to wonderfully increase the sale of their goods amongst such a public. And on its part, German Socialism recognised, more and more, its own calling as the bombastic representative of the petty- bourgeois Philistine.
它宣布德意志民族是模范的民族,德国小市民是模范的人。它给这些小市民的每一种丑行都加上奥秘的、高尚的、社会主义的意义,使之变成完全相反的东西。它发展到最后,就直接反对共产主义的“野蛮破坏的”倾向,并且宣布自己是不偏不倚地超乎任何阶级斗争之上的。现今在德国流行的一切所谓社会主义和共产主义的著作,除了极少数的例外,都属于这一类卑鄙龌龊的、令人委靡的文献。
资产阶级中的一部分人想要消除社会的弊病,以便保障资产阶级社会的生存。
这一部分人包括:经济学家、博爱主义者、人道主义者、劳动阶级状况改善派、慈善事业组织者、动物保护协会会员、戒酒协会发起人以及形形色色的小改良家。这种资产阶级的社会主义甚至被制成一些完整的体系。
It proclaimed the German nation to be the model nation, and the German petty Philistine to be the typical man. To every villainous meanness of this model man it gave a hidden, higher, Socialistic interpretation, the exact contrary of its real character. It went to the extreme length of directly opposing the "brutally destructive" tendency of Communism, and of proclaiming its supreme and impartial contempt of all class struggles. With very few exceptions, all the so-called Socialist and Communist publications that now (1847) circulate in Germany belong to the domain of this foul and enervating literature.
A part of the bourgeoisie is desirous of redressing social grievances, in order to secure the continued existence of bourgeois society.
To this section belong economists, philanthropists, humanitarians, improvers of the condition of the working class, organisers of charity, members of societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals, temperance fanatics, hole-and-corner reformers of every imaginable kind. This form of Socialism has, moreover, been worked out into complete systems.
我们可以举蒲鲁东的《贫困的哲学》作为例子。
社会主义的资产者愿意要现代社会的生存条件,但是不要由这些条件必然产生的斗争和危险。他们愿意要现存的社会,但是不要那些使这个社会革命化和瓦解的因素。他们愿意要资产阶级,但是不要无产阶级。在资产阶级看来,它所统治的世界自然是最美好的世界。资产阶级的社会主义把这种安慰人心的观念制成半套或整套的体系。它要求无产阶级实现它的体系,走进新的耶路撒冷,其实它不过是要求无产阶级停留在现今的社会里,但是要抛弃他们关于这个社会的可恶的观念。
We may site Proudhon's Philosophie de la Misere as an example of this form.
The Socialistic bourgeois want all the advantages of modern social conditions without the struggles and dangers necessarily resulting therefrom. They desire the existing state of society minus its revolutionary and disintegrating elements. They wish for a bourgeoisie without a proletariat. The bourgeoisie naturally conceives the world in which it is supreme to be the best; and bourgeois Socialism develops this comfortable conception into various more or less complete systems. In requiring the proletariat to carry out such a system, and thereby to march straightway into the social New Jerusalem, it but requires in reality, that the proletariat should remain within the bounds of existing society, but should cast away all its hateful ideas concerning the bourgeoisie.
本期朗诵者
陕西师范大学党委学工部(学生处)
部(处)长 刘建军老师
寄语
马克思主义学院青年学生发起的初心诵之马克思主义经典诵读活动,形式新颖,内容丰富,在诵读中传承人类优秀文化,感受红色经典魅力,坚定人生理想信念。正所谓“不忘初心、方得始终”。希望这一活动越办越好,真正成为培养青年马克思主义者的特色精品活动!
马克思主义学院2015级研究生
中国近现代史专业 陈娉娉
感言
感谢马院为我铺就了遵循初心的诵读之路,一个真正属于马克思主义者们的扣心问道,感谢信仰的力量,感谢主办者们的倾力,感谢追逐着理想的我们。既然一切历史都已是历史的历史,那么未来的未来终会是崭新的未来,初心而诵,文筑嫣虹,君之灼烈,世方大同。
马克思主义学院2015级
思想政治教育专业1班 梁明会
(英文朗诵)
感言
《共产党宣言》就像一把火,点燃无产阶级的激情,就像一颗种子,为无产阶级播种希望,就像一顶巨雷,振醒沉睡的无产阶级。“无产阶级失去的只是锁链,他们得到的将是整个世界”这一句句的口号都是无比的激情澎湃,催人奋进。
《宣言》中的每个词都包含着斗争,革命和反抗。它的每句话都是对吃人社会和无情资产阶级的蔑视。它为无产阶级开辟了一个新的时代。
马克思主义学院2015级
思想政治教育专业2班 潘丽丽
(英文朗诵)
感言
很荣幸能参加初心诵的朗读,列宁曾经这样评价过《共产党宣言》:“这部著作以天才的透彻鲜明的笔调叙述了新的世界观,即包括社会生活在内的彻底的唯物主义、最全面最深刻的发展学说辩证法以及关于阶级斗争、关于共产主义新社会的创造者无产阶级所负的世界历史革命使命的理论。”这一评价简直再正确不过了!作为一名忠诚拥护共产党的青年,我会在生活和学习中谨遵党章,向共产主义目标奋进!感谢同学们给我这个机会参与!希望以后还有机会参加!
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✪第193期